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| Internal Impedance |
| The opposition exhibited by a circuit element (cell or battery)
to the flow of an alternating current (a/c.) of a particular frequency
as a result of resistance, induction and capacitance. |
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| Internal Resistance (IR) |
| The opposition exhibited by a circuit element to the flow of direct
current (D.C.). In a cell, the internal resistance is the sum of the
ionic and electronic resistances of the cell components. |
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| IR Drop |
| A voltage drop associated with the electrical resistance (R) of
a battery or current flow (I). The voltage drop is the product of
the current (in amperes) and the resistance (in ohms). |
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